Food Research Institute: CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) references

QUESTIONS??? for information on CLA contact Dr. Michael W. Pariza [ mwpariza@facstaff.wisc.edu ]

References on Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)
updated 12/29/08

year of publication:
| 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | prior to 2000 |

2001
Analytical Methods	for detection of CLA and its isomers
Effect of Diet	and other conditions on CLA levels in animals and animal products
Food, CLA content
General Articles and Reviews	If review articles can fit into one other category, e.g. Food, then they are put into that category; if they cover material that would be in more than one category, then they will be here in "General"
Physiological Effects of CLA ... in Human Studies ... in Laboratory Animals, Companion Animals (pets) ... in Food Animals (ruminants, swine, poultry, fish) ... in Cell Cultures, In Vitro Studies	(includes fat/protein levels, anticarcinogenic effects, etc.)
Synthesis of CLA	in vitro, microbial, plant

2001

Analytical Methods return to top

Adlof RO, Copes LC, Walter EL. Changes in conjugated linoleic acid composition within samples obtained from a single source. Lipids 36:315–317 (2001).
Adlof RO. Separation of conjugated linoleic acid-containing mono-, di- and triacylglycerols by silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:614–617 (2001).
Christie, WW. A practical guide to the analysis of conjugated linoleic acid. Inform 12:147–152.
Czauderna M, Kowalczyk J, Potkanski A, Szumacher-Strabel M, Chojecki G. An HPLC method for determining desirable or undesirable conjugated linoleic acid. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 10(Suppl. 2):377–383 (2001).
Czauderna M, Kowalczyk J, Chojecki G. An improved method for derivatization of fatty acids for liquid chromatography. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 10(Suppl. 2):369–375 (2001).
Czauderna M, Kowalczyk J, Potkanski A, Szumacher-Strabel M, Chojecki G. Quantification of conjugated linoleic acid and other essential fatty acids in ovine meat, milk, fat, and intestinal digesta. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 10(Suppl. 2):385–392 (2001).
Czauderna M, Kowalczyk J. Separation of some mono-, di- and tri-unsaturated fatty acids containing 18 carbon atoms by high-performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection. J. Chromatogr. B 760:165–178 (2001).
Fritsche J, Yurawecz MP, Pawlosky R, Flanagan VP, Steinhart H, Ku Y. Spectroscopic characterization of unusual conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers. J. Separation Sci. 24:59–61 (2001).
Hurst WJ, Tarka SM, Dobson G, Reid CM. Determination of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations in milk chocolate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49:1264–1265 (2001).
Jie MSFLK. Analysis of conjugated linoleic acid esters by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:628–632 (2001).
Kramer JKG, Cruz-Hernandez C, Zhou JQ. Conjugated linoleic acids and octadecenoic acids: Analysis by GC. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:600–609 (2001).
Kramer JKG, Zhou JQ. Conjugated linoleic acid and octadecenoic acids: Extraction and isolation of lipids. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:594–600 (2001).
Melis MP, Angioni E, Carta G, Murru E, Scanu P, Spada S, Banni S. Characterization of conjugated linoleic acid and its metabolites by RP-HPLC with diode array detector. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:617–621 (2001).
Mossoba MM, Kramer JKG, Fritsche J, Yurawecz MP, Eulitz KD, Ku Y, Rader JI. Application of standard addition to eliminate conjugated linoleic acid and other interferences in the determination of total trans fatty acids in selected food products by infrared spectroscopy. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:631–634 (2001).
Mossoba MM. Application of gas chromatography-infrared spectroscopy to the confirmation of the double bond configuration of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:(9):624–627 (2001).
Mossoba MM, McDonald RE, Yurawecz MP, Kramer JKG. Application of on-line capillary GC-FTIR spectroscopy to lipid analysis. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:826–830 (2001).
Park Y, Albright KJ, Cai ZY, Pariza MW. Comparison of methylation procedures for conjugated linoleic acid and artifact formation by commercial (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49:1158–1164 (2001).
Precht D, Molkentin J, McGuire MA, McGuire MK, Jensen RG. Overestimates of oleic and linoleic acid contents in materials containing trans fatty acids and analyzed with short packed gas chromatographic columns. Lipids 36:213–216 (2001).
Reaney MJT, Liu YD, Taylor WG. Gas chromatographic analysis of Diels-Alder adducts of geometrical and positional isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:1083–1086 (2001).
Roach JAG. Analysis of CLA derivatives by GC/MS. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:621–624 (2001).
Yurawecz MP, Morehouse KM. Silver-ion HPLC of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:609–613 (2001).

Effects of Diet and Other Conditions on CLA in Animals and Animal Products return to top

Abu-Ghazaleh AA, Schingoethe DJ, Hippen AR. Conjugated linoleic acid and other beneficial fatty acids in milk fat from cows fed soybean meal, fish meal, or both. J. Dairy Sci. 84:1845–1850 (2001).
Baer RJ, Ryali J, Schingoethe DJ, Kasperson KM, Donovan DC, Hippen AR, Franklin ST. Composition and properties of milk and butter from cows fed fish oil. J. Dairy Sci. 84:345–353 (2001).
Chilliard Y, Ferlay A, Doreau M. Effect of different types of forages, animal fat or marine oils in cow's diet on milk fat secretion and composition, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Livestock Prod. Sci. 70(1–2):31–48 Sp. Iss. (2001).
Chilliard Y, Ferlay A, Doreau M. Dietary control of milk fat nutritional quality in the dairy cow: trans, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and conjugated linoleic acid. [French] Productions Animales 14(5):323–335 (2001).
Chouinard PY, Corneau L, Butler WR, Chilliard Y, Drackley JK, Bauman DE. Effect of dietary lipid source on conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 84:680–690 (2001).
Collomb M, Butikofer U, Sieber R, Bosset JO, Jeangros B. Conjugated linoleic acid and trans fatty acid composition of cows' milk fat produced in lowlands and highlands. J. Dairy Res. 68:519–523 (2001).
Dhiman TR, MacQueen IS, Luchini ND. Milk yield response of dairy cows fed fat along with protein. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 90:169–184 (2001).
Du M, Ahn DU, Nam KC, Sell JL. Volatile profiles and lipid oxidation of irradiated cooked chicken meat from laying hens fed diets containing conjugated linoleic acid. Poultry Sci. 80:235–241 (2001).
Fearon AM. Optimising milkfat composition and processing properties. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 56:104–108 (2001).
Fritsche S, Rumsey TS, Yurawecz MP, Ku Y, Fritsche J. Influence of growth promoting implants on fatty acid composition including conjugated linoleic acid isomers in beef fat. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 212:621–629 (2001).
Geay Y, Bauchart D, Hocquette JF, Culioli J. Effect of nutritional factors on biochemical, structural and metabolic characteristics of muscles in ruminants, consequences on dietetic value and sensorial qualities of meat. Reproduction Nutrition Development 41:1–26 (2001).
Ivan M, Mir PS, Koenig KM, Rode LM, Neill L, Entz T, Mir Z. Effects of dietary sunflower seed oil on rumen protozoa population and tissue concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in sheep. Small Ruminant Res. 41:215–227 (2001).
Kucuk O, Hess BW, Ludden PA, Rule DC. Effect of forage : concentrate ratio on ruminal digestion and duodenal flow of fatty acids in ewes. J. Anim. Sci. 79:2233–2240 (2001).
Laborde FL, Mandell IB, Tosh JJ, Wilton JW, Buchanan-Smith JG. Breed effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition, and palatability attributes in finishing steers.J. Anim. Sci. 79:355–365 (2001).
Marinova P, Banskalieva V, Alexandrov S, Tzvetkova V, Stanchev H. Carcass composition and meat quality of kids fed sunflower oil supplemented diet. Small Ruminant Res. 42:219–227 (2001).
Moloney AP, Mooney MT, Kerry JP, Troy DJ. Producing tender and flavoursome beef with enhanced nutritional characteristics. P. Nutr. Soc. 60:221–229 (2001).
Nurnberg K, Grumbach S, Zupp W, Hartung M, Nurnberg G, Ender K. Enhancing of n-3 fatty acids and conjugated fatty acid in lamb meat by keeping on pasture [German]. Fleischwirtschaft 81:120–122 (2001).
Offer NW, Marsden M, Phipps RH. Effect of oil supplementation of a diet containing a high concentration of starch on levels of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in bovine milk. Anim. Sci. 73:533–540 (Part 3) (2001).
Offer NW, Speake BK, Dixon J, Marsden M. Effect of fish-oil supplementation on levels of (n-3) poly-unsaturated fatty acids in the lipoprotein fractions of bovine plasma. Anim. Sci. 73:523–531 (Part 3) (2001).
Palmquist DL. Ruminal and endogenous synthesis of CLA in cows. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 56:134–137 (2001).
Precht D, Voigt J, Hagemeister H, Kanitz W. The influence of dietary rumen-protected linoleic acid on milk fat composition, spreadability of butter and energy balance in dairy cows. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:783–792 (2001).
Raes K, de Smet S, Demeyer D. Effect of double-muscling in Belgian Blue young bulls on the intramuscular fatty acid composition with emphasis on conjugated linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Anim. Sci. 73:253–260 Part 2 (2001).
Ramaswamy N, Baer RJ, Schingoethe DJ, Hippen AR, Kasperson KM, Whitlock LA. Composition and flavor of milk and butter from cows fed fish oil, extruded soybeans, or their combination. J. Dairy Sci. 84:2144–2151 (2001).
Santos FL, Silva MTC, Lana RD, Brandao SCC, Vargas LH, de Abreu LR. Effect of lipids supplementation in the ration on production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and milk fat composition of dairy cows. Brazilian J. Anim. Sci. 30(6):1931–1938 (2001).
Schmidely P, Sauvant D. Fat content yield and composition of milk in small ruminants: effects of concentrate level and addition of fat. [French] Productions Animales 14(5):337–354 (2001).
Strzetelski J, Kowalczyk J, Osiegowski S, Stasiniewicz T, Lipiarska E, Pustkowiak H. Fattening bulls on maize silage and concentrate supplemented with vegetable oils. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 10:259–271 (2001).
Szumacher-Strabel M, Potkanski A, Cieslak A, Kowalczyk J, Czauderna M. The effects of different amounts and types of fat on the level of conjugated linoleic acid in the meat and milk of sheep. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 10(Suppl. 2):103–108 (2001).
Voigt J, Hagemeister H. Dietary influence on a desirable fatty acid composition in milk from dairy cattle. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 10(Suppl. 1):87–103 (2001).
White SL, Bertrand JA, Wade MR, Washburn SP, Green JT, Jenkins TC. Comparison of fatty acid content of milk from jersey and Holstein cows consuming pasture or a total mixed ration. J. Dairy Sci. 84:2295–2301 (2001).

Food, CLA levels in return to top

Lawson RE, Moss AR, Givens DI. The role of dairy products in supplying conjugated linoleic acid to man's diet: a review. Nutr. Res. Rev. 14:153–172 (2001).
MacGibbon AKH, van der Does YEH, Fong BY, Robinson NP, Thomson NA. Variations in the CLA content of New Zealand milkfat. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 56:158–158 (2001).
Prandini A, Geromin D, Conti F, Masoero F, Piva A, Piva G. Survey on the level of conjugated linoleic acid in dairy products. Ital. J. Food Sci. 13:243–253 (2001).
Rickert R, Steinhart H. Significance, analysis and occurrence of conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLA) in foods. Ernahrungs-Umschau 48:4–+ (2001).
Steinhart H, Winkler K, Rickert R. Trans- and conjugated fatty acids in food - contents and analytical aspects. OCL - Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides 8(1):29–32 (2001).
Wettstein HR, Scheeder MRL, Sutter F, Kreuzer M. Effect of lecithins partly replacing rumen-protected fat on fatty acid digestion and composition of cow milk.Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:12–22 (2001).
Winkler K, Steinhart H. Identification of conjugated isomers of linolenic acid and arachidonic acid in cheese.J. Separation Sci. 24:663–668 (2001).

General Articles and Reviews return to top

Bauman DE, Griinari JM. Regulation and nutritional manipulation of milk fat: low-fat milk syndrome. Livestock Prod. Sci. 70(12):15–29 Sp. Iss. (2001).
Birnbaum L. Addition of conjugated linoleic acid to a herbal anticellulite pill. Adv. Therapy 18:225–229 (2001).
Boland M, MacGibbon A, Hill J. Designer milks for the new millennium. Livestock Production Sci. 72:99–109 (2001).
Dewhurst RJ, Scollan ND, Youell SJ, Tweed JKS, Humphreys MO. Influence of species, cutting date and cutting interval on the fatty acid composition of grasses. Grass Forage Sci. 56:68–74 (2001).
Finnegan Y, Williams C. Low-fat balancing act. Chemistry & Industry (1):12-14 (2001).
Fritsche J. News on fatty acids. Nachrichten aus der Chemie 49(3):374–377 (2001).
Gnadig S, Rickert R, Sebedio JL, Steinhart H. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): physiological effects and production. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:56–61 (2001).
Khosla P, Fungwe TV. Conjugated linoleic acid: effects on plasma lipids and cardiovascular function. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 12:31–34 (2001).
Kraft J, Jahreis G. Conjugated linoleic acids: formation and metabolic effects. Ernahrungs-Umschau 48(9):348–355 (2001).
Kritchevsky D, Czarnecki SK. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in health and disease. Chim. Oggi (Chemistry Today) 19(6):26–28 (2001).
Larque E, Zamora S, Gil A. Dietary trans fatty acids in early life: a review. Early Human Development 65:S31–S41 Suppl. S (2001).
McCarty MF. The chlorophyll metabolite phytanic acid is a natural rexinoid - potential for treatment and prevention of diabetes. Med. Hypotheses 56:217–219 (2001).
McCarty MF. Hepatothermic therapy of obesity: rationale and an inventory of resources. Med. Hypoth. 57:324–336 (2001).
Miner JL, Cederberg CA, Nielsen MK, Chen XL, Baile CA. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), body fat, and apoptosis. Obesity Res. 9:129–134 (2001).
Pariza MW, Park Y, Cook ME. The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. Prog. Lipid Res. 40:283–298 (2001).
Parodi PW. Cow's milk components with anti-cancer potential. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 56:65–73 (2001).
Ramaswamy N, Baer RJ, Schingoethe DJ, Hippen AR, Kasperson KM, Whitlock LA. Short communication: Consumer evaluation of milk high in conjugated linoleic acid. J. Dairy Sci. 84:1607–1609 (2001).
Richter WO. Applications of fatty acid derivatives and antioxidants in dietary lipids. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:42–45 (2001).
Roche HM, Noone E, Nugent A, Gibney MJ. Conjugated linoleic acid: a novel therapeutic nutrient? Nutr. Res. Rev. 14:173–187 (2001)
Sebedio JL, Bretillon L, Chardigny LM. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and functional food? OCL – Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides 8:328–332 (2001).
Siems WG, Grune T, Hasselwander O, Kramer K. Conjugated linoleic acid. Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease Prevention 6:257–288 (2001).
Stangl GI. Cancer and the preventive potential of nutrition - Part 1: Mechanistic effects of nutritional factors for instance on carcinoma of the breast. Ernahrungs-Umschau 48:268-+ (2001).
Stanley J, Hunter K. The wonder nutrient. Chemistry & Industry–London (22):729–731 (Nov. 19, 2001).
Terpstra AHM. Differences between humans and mice in efficacy of the body fat lowering effect of conjugated linoleic acid: Role of metabolic rate. J. Nutr. 131:2067–2068 (2001).
Watkins BA, Lippman HE, Le Bouteiller L, Li Y, Seifert MF. Bioactive fatty acids: role in bone biology and bone cell function. Prog. Lipid Res. 40(1-2):125-148 (2001).
Weill P, Schmitt B, Legrand P. Development of blood lipid parameters in humans following the introduction of linseed, rich in linolenic acid (n-3), into the food of animals reared for human consumption. OCL – Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides 8:333–335 (2001).

Physiological Effects of CLA in Humans return to top

Agatha G, Hafer R, Zintl F. Fatty acid composition of lymphocyte membrane phospholipids in children with acute leukemia. Cancer Lett. 173:139–144 (2001).
Basu S, Smedman A, Vessby B. Isomer specific effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lipid peroxidation and its regulation by COX 2 inhibitor and vitamin E in humans. Free Radical Bio. Med. 31:333 Suppl. 1 (2001).
Benito P, Nelson GJ, Kelley DS, Bartolini G, Schmidt PC, Simon V. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans. Lipids 36:221–227 (2001).
Benito P, Nelson GJ, Kelley DS, Bartolini G, Schmidt PC, Simon V. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on plasma lipoproteins and tissue fatty acid composition in humans. Lipids36:229–236, correction 36:857 (2001).
Desroches S, Chouinard Y, Galibois I, Corneau L, Couture P, Bergeron N. Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on plasma lipoproteins and body composition in obese men. Obesity Res. 9:87S–87S Suppl. 3 (2001).
Elias SL, Innis SM. Infant plasma trans, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids are related to maternal plasma fatty acids, length of gestation, and birth weight and length. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 73:807–814 (2001).
Ens JG, Ma DWL, Cole KS, Field CJ, Clandinin MT. An assessment of c9,t11 linoleic acid intake in a small group of young Canadians. Nutr. Res. 21:955–960 (2001).
Jensen RG, Lammi-Keefe C. The anticarcinogenic conjugated fatty acid c9, t11-C18 : 2, or rumenic acid, in human milk - Amounts and effects. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 501:153–156 (2001).
Kelley DS, Simon VA, Taylor PC, Rudolph IL, Benito P, Nelson GJ, Mackey BE, Erickson KL. Dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid increased its concentration in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but did not alter their function. Lipids 36:669–674 (2001).
Mougios V, Matsakas A, Petridou A, Ring S, Sagredos A, Melissopoulou A, Tsigilis N, Nikolaidis M. Effect of supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on human serum lipids and body fat. J. Nutr. Biochem. 12:585–594 (2001).
Riserus U, Berglund L, Vessby B. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduced abdominal adipose tissue in obese middle-aged men with signs of the metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Int. J. Obesity 25: 1129–1135 (2001).
Ritzenthaler KL, McGuire MK, Falen R, Shultz TD, Dasgupta N, McGuire MA. Estimation of conjugated linoleic acid intake by written dietary assessment methodologies underestimates actual intake evaluated by food duplicate methodology. J. Nutr. 131:1548–1554 (2001).
Samuelson G, Bratteby LE, Mohsen R, Vessby B. Dietary fat intake in healthy adolescents: inverse relationships between the estimated intake of saturated fatty acids and serum cholesterol. Br. J. Nutr. 85:333–341 (2001).
Smedman A, Vessby B. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans - Metabolic effects. Lipids 36:773–781 (2001).
Thom E, Wadstein J, Gudmundsen O. Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat in healthy exercising humans. J. Int. Med. Res. 29:392–396 (2001); 30):210 (2002).
Zambell KL, Horn WF, Keim NL. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans: Effects on fatty acid and glycerol kinetics. Lipids 36:767–772 (2001).

Physiological Effects of CLA in Animals: Laboratory Animals, Companion Animals return to top

Banni S, Carta G, Angioni E, Murru E, Scanu P, Melis MP, Bauman DE, Fischer SM, Ip C. Distribution of conjugated linoleic acid and metabolites in different lipid fractions in the rat liver. J. Lipid Res. 42:1056–1061 (2001).
Banni S, Angioni E, Murru E, Carta G, Melis MP, Bauman D, Dong Y, Ip C. Vaccenic acid feeding increases tissue levels of conjugated linoleic acid and suppresses development of premalignant lesions in rat mammary gland. Nutr. Cancer 41:91–97 (2001).
de Boer JG. Protection by dietary compounds against mutation in a transgenic rodent. J. Nutr. 131:3082S–3086S Suppl. S (2001).
Ealey KN, El-Sohemy A, Archer MC. Conjugated linoleic acid does not inhibit development of aberrant crypt foci in colons of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Nutr. Cancer 41:104–106 (2001).
Hamura M, Yamatoya H, Kudo S. Glycerides rich in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) improve blood glucose control in diabetic C57BLKS-Leprdb/leprdb mice. J. Oleo Sci. 50(11):889–894 (2001).
Harris MA, Hansen RA, Vidsudhiphan R, Koslo JL, Thomas JB, Watkins BA, Allen KGD. Effects of conjugated linoleic acids and docosahexaenoic acid on rat liver and reproductive tissue fatty acids, prostaglandins and matrix metalloproteinase production. Prostag. Leukotr. Essential Fatty Acids 65:23–29 (2001).
Ip C, Dong Y, Thompson HJ, Bauman DE, Ip MM. Control of rat mammary epithelium proliferation by conjugated linoleic acid. Nutr. Cancer 39:233–238 (2001).
Kimoto N, Hirose M, Futakuchi M, Iwata T, Kasai M, Shirai T. Site-dependent modulating effects of conjugated fatty acids from safflower oil in a rat two-stage carcinogenesis model in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Cancer Lett. 168:15–21 (2001).
Lu YP, Lou YR, Lin Y, Shih WCJ, Huang MT, Yang CS, Conney AH. Inhibitory effects of orally administered green tea, black tea, and caffeine on skin carcinogenesis in mice previously treated with ultraviolet B light (high-risk mice): Relationship to decreased tissue fat. Cancer Res. 61:5002–5009 (2001).
Mohan IK, Das UN. Prevention of chemically induced diabetes mellitus in experimental animals by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutrition 17:126–151 (2001).
Nakanishi T, Ohgushi A, Yamashita T, Sashihara K, Takagi T, Dobashi E, Kamegai T, Kasai M, Yoshimatsu T, Furuse M. Effect of orally administered conjugated linoleic acids on behaviors and tissue fatty acid compositions in mice. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 20:157–170 (2001).
Noguchi R, Yasui Y, Suzuki R, Hosokawa M, Fukunaga K, Miyashita K. Dietary effects of bitter gourd oil on blood and liver lipids of rats. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 396:207–212 (2001).
Ohnuki K, Haramizu S, Oki K, Ishihara K, Fushiki T. A single oral administration of conjugated linoleic acid enhanced energy metabolism in mice. Lipids 36:583–587 (2001).
Ohnuki K, Haramizu S, Ishihara K, Fushiki T. Increased energy metabolism and suppressed body fat accumulation in mice by a low concentration of conjugated linoleic acid. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 65:2200–2204 (2001).
Park HS, Ryu JH, Ha YL, Park JHY. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) induces apoptosis of colonic mucosa in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated rats: a possible mechanism of the anticarcinogenic effect by CLA. Brit. J. Nutr. 86:549–555 (2001).
Park Y, Pariza MW. The effects of dietary conjugated nonadecadienoic acid on body composition in mice. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1533:171–174 (2001).
Peters JM, Park Y, Gonzalez FJ, Pariza MW. Influence of conjugated linoleic acid on body composition and target gene expression in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-null mice. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1533:233–242 (2001).
Pighetti GM, Novosad W, Nicholson C, Hitt DC, Hansens C, Hollingsworth AB, Lerner ML, Brackett D, Lightfoot SA, Gimble JM. Therapeutic treatment of DMBA-induced mammary tumors with PPAR ligands. Anticancer Res. 21825–829 (2001).
Poulos SP, Sisk M, Hausman DB, Azain MJ, Hausman GJ. Pre- and postnatal dietary conjugated linoleic acid alters adipose development, body weight gain and body composition in Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Nutr. 131:2722–2731 (2001).
Rahman SM, Wang YM, Yotsumoto H, Cha JY, Han SY, Inoue S, Yanagita T. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on serum leptin concentration, body-fat accumulation, and beta-oxidation of fatty acid in OLETF rats. Nutrition 17:385–390 (2001).
Rahman SM, Wang YM, Han SY, Cha JY, Fukuda N, Yotsumoto H, Yanagita T. Effects of short-term administration of conjugated linoleic acid on lipid metabolism in white and brown adipose tissues of starved/refed Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Food Res. Int. 34:515–520 (2001).
Ryder JW, Portocarrero CP, Song XM, Cui L, Yu M, Combatsiaris T, Galuska D, Bauman DE, Barbano DM, Charron MJ, Zierath JR, Houseknecht KL. Isomer-specific antidiabetic properties of conjugated linoleic acid - Improved glucose tolerance, skeletal muscle insulin action, and UCP-2 gene expression. Diabetes 50:1149–1157 (2001).
Sebedio JL, Angioni E, Chardigny JM, Gregoire S, Juaneda P, Berdeaux O. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on fatty acid profiles of liver and adipose tissues and their conversion to isomers of 16:2 and 18:3 conjugated fatty acids in rats. Lipids 36:575–582 (2001).
Sergiel JP, Chardigny JM, Sebedio JL, Berdeaux O, Juaneda P, Loreau O, Pasquis B, Noel JP. beta-oxidation of conjugated linoleic acid isomers and linoleic acid in rats. Lipids 36:1327–1329 (2001).
Sisk MB, Hausman DB, Martin RJ, Azain MJ. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces adiposity in lean but not obese Zucker rats. J. Nutr. 131:1668–1674 (2001).
Sugano M, Akahoshi A, Koba K, Tanaka K, Okumura T, Matsuyama H, Goto Y, Miyazaki T, Murao K, Yamasaki M, Nonaka M, Yamada K. Dietary manipulations of body fat-reducing potential of conjugated linoleic acid in rats. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 65:2535–2541 (2001).
Suresh Y, Das UN. Protective action of arachidonic acid against alloxan induced cytotoxicity and diabetes mellitus. Prostag. Leukotr. Essential Fatty Acids 64:37–52 (2001).
Turnock L, Cook M, Steinberg H, Czuprynski C. Dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid does not alter the resistance of mice to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Lipids 36:135–138 (2001).
Whigham LD, Cook EB, Stahl JL, Saban R, Bjorling DE, Pariza MW, Cook ME. CLA reduces antigen-induced histamine and PGE(2) release from sensitized guinea pig tracheae. Am. J. Physiol. Reg. 280:R908–R912 (2001).
Yamasaki M, Ikeda A, Hirao A, Tanaka Y, Miyazaki Y, Rikimaru T, Shimada M, Sugimachi K, Tachibana H, Yamada K. Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the in vivo growth of rat hepatoma dRLh-84. Nutr. Cancer 40 (2):140–148 (2001).
Yang HY, Stuart GR, Glickman BW, de Boer JG. Modulation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-induced mutation in the cecum and colon of big blue rats by conjugated linoleic acid and 1,2-dithiole-3-thione. Nutr. Cancer 39:259–266 (2001).

Physiological Effects of CLA in Animals: Food/Farm Animals return to top

Aydin R, Pariza MW, Cook ME. Olive oil prevents the adverse effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on chick hatchability and egg quality. J. Nutr. 131:800–806 (2001).
Bassaganya-Riera J, Hontecillas-Magarzo R, Bregendahl K, Wannemuehler MJ, Zimmerman DR. Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid in nursery pigs of dirty and clean environments on growth, empty body composition, and immune competence. J. Anim. Sci. 79:714–721 (2001).
Bassaganya-Riera J, Hontecillas R, Zimmerman DR, Wannemuehler MJ. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid modulates phenotype and effector functions of porcine CD8(+) lymphocytes. J. Nutr. 131:2370–2377 (2001).
Baumgard LH, Sangster JK, Bauman DE. Milk fat synthesis in dairy cows is progressively reduced by increasing supplemental amounts of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). J. Nutr. 131:1764–1769 (2001).
Bee G. Dietary conjugated linoleic acids affect tissue lipid composition but not de novo lipogenesis in finishing pigs. Anim. Res. 50:383–399 (2001).
Blecha F. Immunomodulators for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in food-producing animals. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Animal Practice 17(3):621–+ (2001).
Dugan MER, Aalhus JL, Lien KA, Schaefer AL, Kramer JKG. Effects of feeding different levels of conjugated linoleic acid and total oil to pigs on live animal performance and carcass composition. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81:505–510 (2001).
Eggert JM, Belury MA, Kempa-Steczko A, Mills SE, Schinckel AP. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on the belly firmness and fatty acid composition of genetically lean pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79:2866–2872 (2001).
Loor JJ, Herbein JH. Alterations in blood plasma and milk fatty acid profiles of lactating Holstein cows in response to ruminal infusion of a conjugated linoleic acid mixture. Anim. Res. 50:463–476 (2001).
Ramsay TG, Evock-Clover CM, Steele NC, Azain MJ. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid alters fatty acid composition of pig skeletal muscle and fat. J. Anim. Sci. 79:2152–2161 (2001)
Schafer K, Manner K, Sagredos A, Eder K, Simon O. Incorporation of dietary linoleic and conjugated linoleic acids and related effects on eggs of laying hens. Lipids 36:1217–1222 (2001).
Sell JL, Jin S, Jeffrey M. Metabolizable energy value of conjugated linoleic acid for broiler chicks and laying hens. Poultry Sci. 80:209–214 (2001).
Swan JE, Parrish FC, Wiegand BR, Larsen ST, Baas TJ, Berg EP. Total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) measurement of compositional differences in hams, loins, and bellies from conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-fed stress-genotype pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1475–1482 (2001).
Szymczyk B, Pisulewski P, Szczurek W, Hanczakowski P. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and subsequent carcass quality in broiler chickens. Brit. J. Nutr. 85:465–473 (2001).
Thiel-Cooper RL, Parrish FC, Sparks JC, Wiegand BR, Ewan RC. Conjugated linoleic acid changes swine performance and carcass composition. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1821–1828 (2001).
Twibell RG, Watkins BA, Brown PB. Dietary conjugated linoleic acids and lipid source alter fatty acid composition of juvenile yellow perch, Perca flavescens. J. Nutr. 131:2322–2328 (2001).
Weber TE, Schinckel AP, Houseknecht KL, Richert BT. Evaluation of conjugated linoleic acid and dietary antibiotics as growth promotants in weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79:2542–2549 (2001).
Wiegand BR, Parrish FC, Swan JE, Larsen ST, Baas TJ. Conjugated linoleic acid improves feed efficiency, decreases subcutaneous fat, and improves certain aspects of meat quality in Stress-Genotype pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79:2187–2195 (2001).

Physiological Effects of CLA in Cell Cultures / In Vitro Studies return to top

Brown JM, Halvorsen YD, Lea-Currie YR, Geigerman C, McIntosh M. Trans-10, cis-12, but not cis-9, trans-11, conjugated linoleic acid attenuates lipogenesis in primary cultures of stromal vascular cells from human adipose tissue. J. Nutr. 131:2316–2321 (2001).
Brown JM, Lea-Currie YR, Sen A, McIntosh M. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) suppresses fatty acid incorporation into lipid in cultures of human (pre)adipocytes. Obesity Res. 9:142S–142S Suppl. 3 (2001).
Brown M, Evans M, McIntosh M. Linoleic acid partially restores the triglyceride content of conjugated linoleic acid-treated cultures of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. J. Nutr. Biochem. 12:381–387 (2001).
Bulgarella JA, Patton D, Bull AW. Modulation of prostaglandin H synthase activity by conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and specific CLA isomers. Lipids 36:407–412 (2001).
Choi YJ, Park Y, Pariza MW, Ntanbi JM. Regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity by the trans-10,cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid in HepG2 cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 284:689–693 (2001).
Chuang LT, Thurmond JM, Liu JW, Kirchner SJ, Mukerji P, Bray TM, Huang YS. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on fungal Delta 6-desaturase activity in a transformed yeast system. Lipids 36:139–143 (2001).
Chuang LT, Leonard AE, Liu JW, Mukerji P, Bray TM, Huang YS. Inhibitory effect of conjugated linoleic acid on linoleic acid elongation in transformed yeast with human elongase. Lipids 36:1099–1103 (2001).
Clouet P, Demizieux L, Gresti J, Degrace P. Mitochondrial respiration on rumenic and linoleic acids. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 29(Part 2):320–325 (2001).
Devery R, Miller A, Stanton C. Conjugated linoleic acid and oxidative behaviour in cancer cells. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 29(Part 2):341–344 (2001).
Evans M, Park Y, Pariza M, Curtis L, Kuebler B, McIntosh M. trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces triglyceride content while differentially affecting peroxisome proliferator activated receptor 2 and aP2 expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Lipids 36:1223–1232 (2001).
Igarashi M, Miyazawa T. The growth inhibitory effect of conjugated linoleic acid on a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, is induced by a change in fatty acid metabolism, but not the facilitation of lipid peroxidation in the cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta–Mol. Cell. Biol. Lipids 1530:162–171 (2001).
Kang K, Pariza MW. trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid reduces leptin secretion from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 287:377–382 (2001).
Lin YG, Kreeft A, Schuurbiers JAE, Draijer R. Different effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on lipoprotein lipase activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J. Nutr. Biochem. 12:183–189 (2001).
Lin YG, Schuurbiers E, Van der Veen S, De Deckere EAM. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers have differential effects on triglyceride secretion in Hep G2 cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta–Molec. Cell Biol. Lipids 1533:38–46 (2001).
Majumder B, Moir S, Wahle KJ, Heys SD. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid on the expression of key genes involved in the apoptotic pathway. Brit. J. Surg. 88:7–7 (Suppl. 1) (2001).
Miller A, Stanton C, Devery R. Modulation of arachidonic acid distribution by conjugated linoleic acid isomers and linoleic acid in MCF-7 and SW480 cancer cells. Lipids 36:1161–1168 (2001).
Miller A, Stanton C, Devery R. Cis 9, trans 11- and trans 10, cis 12-conjugated linoleic acid isomers induce apoptosis in cultured SW480 cells. Anticancer Res. 22(6C):3879–3887 (2002).
Miyazaki Y, Noguchi M, Tachibana H, Yamada K. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are not essential for survival and proliferation of a human B cell line. In Vitro Cell. Developmental Biol.–Animal 37:399–401 (2001).
Park Y, Pariza MW. Lipoxygenase inhibitors inhibit heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and enhance body fat reduction in mice by conjugated linoleic acid. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1534:27–33 (2001).
Roche HM, Terres AM, Black IB, Gibney MJ, Kelleher D. Fatty acids and epithelial permeability: effect of conjugated linoleic acid in Caco-2 cells. Gut 48:797–802 (2001).
Sujkowska D, Auchter CA, Franklin DM, Ellis PN, Lea-Currie YR, Sen A. Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid isoforms on lipolysis and leptin secretion from cultured human adipocytes. Obesity Res. 9:147S–147S Suppl. 3 (2001).
Suzuki R, Noguchi R, Ota T, Abe M, Miyashita K, Kawada T. Cytotoxic effect of conjugated trienoic fatty acids on mouse tumor and human monocytic leukemia cells. Lipids 36:477–482 (2001).
Yu LL. Free radical scavenging properties of conjugated linoleic acids. J. Agric. Food Chem.. 49:3452–3456 (2001).

Synthesis: In vitro, Microbial, and Plant return to top

Chen JF, Tai CY, Chen YC, Chen BH. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on the degradation and oxidation stability of model lipids during heating and illumination. Food Chem. 72(2):199-206 (2001).
Corl BA, Baumgard LH, Dwyer DA, Griinari JM, Phillips BS, Bauman DE. The role of Delta(9)-desaturase in the production of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. J. Nutr. Biochem. 12:622–630 (2001).
Garcia HS, Arcos JA, Keough KJ, Hill CG. Immobilized lipase-mediated acidolysis of butteroil with conjugated linoleic acid: batch reactor and packed bed reactor studies. J. Molec. Catal. B Enzymatic 11:623–632 (Sp. Iss.) (2001).
Gnadig S, Berdeaux O, Loreau O, Noel JP, Sebedio JL. Synthesis of (6Z,9Z,11E)-octadecatrienoic and (8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatrienoic acids and their [1-C-14]-radiolabeled analogs. Chem. Physics Lipids 112:121–135 (2001).
Gurvitz A, Hamilton B, Ruis H, Hartig A, Hiltunen JK. Degradation of conjugated linoleic acid isomers in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Molec. Cell. Biol. Lipids 1533:81–85 (2001).
Hamalainen TI, Sundberg S, Makinen M, Kaltia S, Hase T, Hopia A. Hydroperoxide formation during autoxidation of conjugated linoleic acid methyl ester. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:588–593 (2001).
Hill CG, Ghannouchi S, Garcia HS. Lipolysis of butter oil by immobilized lamb pregastric esterase: I. Uniresponse kinetics - pH and temperature Effects. J. Dairy Sci. 84:1034–1043 (2001).
Juaneda P, Cordier O, Gregoire S, Sebedio JL. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in heat-treated vegetable oils. OCL - Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides 8(1):94–97 (2001 ).
Jung MO, Yoon SH, Jung MY. Effects of temperature and agitation rate on the formation of conjugated linoleic acids in soybean oil during hydrogenation process. J. Agr. Food Chem. 49:3010–3016 (2001).
Kim IH, Yoon CS, Lee KW. Transesterification of conjugated linoleic acid and tricaprylin by lipases in organic solvents. Food Res. Int. 34:301–306 (2001).
Kim IH, Yoon CS, Cho SH, Lee KW, Chung SH, Tae BS. Lipase-catalyzed incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid into tricaprylin. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:547–551 (2001).
Larock RC, Dong XY, Chung S, Reddy CK, Ehlers LE. Preparation of conjugated soybean oil and other natural oils and fatty acids by homogeneous transition metal catalysis. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:447–453 (2001).
Loreau O, Maret A, Chardigny JM, Sebedio JL, Noel JP. Sequential substitution of 1,2-dichloro-ethene: a convenient stereoselective route to (9Z,11E)-, (10E,12Z)- and (10Z,12Z)-[1-C-14] conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Chem. Phys. Lipids 110:57–67 (2001).
Ogawa J, Matsumura K, Kishino S, Omura Y, Shimizu S. Conjugated linoleic acid accumulation via 10-hydroxy-12 octadecaenoic acid during microaerobic transformation of linoleic acid by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1246–1252 (2001).
Rainio A, Vahvaselka M, Suomalainen T, Laakso S. Reduction of linoleic acid inhibition in production of conjugated linoleic acid by Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp shermanii. Can. J. Microbiol. 47:735–740 (2001).
Torres CF, Garcia HS, Ries JJ, Hill CG. Esterification of glycerol with conjugated linoleic acid and long-chain fatty acids from fish oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:1093–1098 (2001).
Yang TK, Xu XB, Li LT. Comparison of linoleic and conjugated linoleic acids in enzymatic acidolysis of tristearin. J. Food Lipids 8:149–161 (2001).
Zhang D, Liang X, He XY, Alipui OD, Yang SY, Schulz H. delta3,5,delta2,4-dienoyl-CoA isomerase is a multifunctional isomerase. A structural and mechanistic study. J. Biol. Chem. 276:13622–13627 (2001).

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